Notably, substance use disorders are most prevalent among those who experienced early-life poverty and trauma, and given their over-representation in this population, women are especially vulnerable 5- 9. increased access to prescription opioids) must contribute 2- 4. Genetics plays a major role in addiction vulnerability, but cannot account for this recent rise in opioid abuse, so environmental factors (e.g. The devastating epidemic of opioid addiction in the U.S is enormously costly, in both human life and economically 1. These discoveries provide novel insights into the origins and nature of reward circuit malfunction that may set the stage for addiction. By contrast, seeking of a less salient natural reward was unaffected by ELA, whereas demand for highly palatable treats was augmented.
This was characterized by resistance to extinction, increased relapse-like behavior, and, as in addicted humans, major increases in opioid economic demand. We simulated ELA in female rats and this led to a striking opioid addiction-like phenotype. Individuals with history of early-life adversity (ELA) are disproportionately prone to opioid addiction, yet whether ELA interacts with factors such as increased access to opioids to directly influence brain development and function and cause opioid addiction vulnerability is unknown. Genetics plays a major role in addiction vulnerability, but cannot account for the recent exponential rise in opioid abuse, so environmental factors must contribute. The origins and neural bases of the current opioid addiction epidemic are unclear.
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